Goals
Chapter 2 - EGM
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What are private goals?
| McClelland (1985) distinguished three basic groups of motives: the achievement motives, the power motives, and the affiliative motives. As food is the reward or incentive for hunger, so is improving one's performance on a given task the incentive for the achievement motive. The incentive of the power motive is having impact, control, or influence over another person, a goup or the world at large. Finally, the incentives for the affiliative motives extend to sexual pleasures, being together with people(need for affiliatation) and experiencing harmony, concern and commitment (intimacy motive).(1) |
| The question of how goals, once set, can be made more effective therefore boils down to asking for the variables that determine effective goal pursuit. Some answers are suggested by recent research on goal striving. First, it matters how people frame their good intentions or goals. For instance, better performances are observed when people set themselves challenging, specific goals as compared with challenging but vague goals (so-called "do your best") goals.
Implementation intentions are subordinate to goal intentions and specify the when, where, and how of responses leading to goal attainment. They have the structure of "When situation x arises, I will perform response y!" and thus link anticipated opportunities with goal-directed responses. It is not a person's self that is linked to a desired end state (as with goal intentions); rather, the person commits himself or herself to respond to a certain situation in a specific manner. Implementation intentions serve the purpose of promoting the attainment of the goal specified in the goal intention.(2) |
WOOP (an acronym for Wish, Outcome, Obstacle, Plan) is a scientific strategy that people can use to identify and fulfill their wishes and change their habits. It is a combination of two self-regulatory strategies: mental contrasting by psychologist Gabriele Oettingen and implementation intentions by psychologist Peter M. Gollwitzer.Mental contrasting contributes the “WOO” part (Wish, Outcome, Obstacle) in WOOP, whereas Implementation Intentions contribute the “P” part (Plan).
| Source | |
|---|---|
| (1) | Motivation and Actions, Psychology of - G. Oettingen |
| (2) | Implementation Intentions - P. Gollwitzer |
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What are community goals?
Comming soon
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What are enterprise goals?
Comming soon .
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